GSL Journal of Business Management and Administration Affairs

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Current Issues.

Volume 1  Issue 1
   Opinion Article         Month : 11 (2017)

Risk Cluster Framework - How to analyse Companies by Operating Leverage

  Naji Mualla

In the severe competitive markets such as those which prevail in the service sector, competition takes a nick- to- nick pattern of confrontation among different rivals. In such this situation a big legitimate question can logically be raised: How each competitor can compete the other and get the largest market share? In this short essay we will introduce the concept of quality of service as a competitive advantage which may provide the service organization with the distinctive power which can help it to differentiate itself from others and enables it to have the edge over them in the marketplace. Also, this essay will shed the light on the major approaches to measure the quality of service
   Research Article         Month : 11 (2017)

Exploring the Effects of Leadership Behaviors on Employees’ Supervisory Ambition

  Jennifer Gao

The relationship between leadership behaviors and employees’ supervisory ambition was examined. Data were collected from 223 full-time, line-level employees in a manufacturing firm in southern China. Results revealed that four leadership behaviors (i.e., Monitor, producer, consideration for others and trust in others) are positively and significantly related to employees’ supervisory ambition. Regression analyses revealed producer and trust in others to be significant predictors of supervisory ambition. Implications for management were discussed
   Research Article         Month : 11 (2017)

Risk Cluster Framework - How to analyse Companies by Operating Leverage

  Andreas Gruener

Sales volatility and Operating Leverage are main drivers of earnings changes. Because of the importance of earnings for analysts, investors and executives, operating leverage is the key information for companies’ assessment. Companies with rigid cost structures are more risky compared to companies with flexible cost structures. The developed framework uses changes in sales and cost structure rigidity to define risk clusters. Companies within a risk cluster show similar return-risk relations. The framework is useful for inter-industry analysis and for deriving standard strategies based on considerations of how companies may diversify their product offering to smooth revenues and to increase profitability
Volume 2  Issue 1
   Research Article         Month : 12 (2017)

The Role of Organisational Culture on the Occurrence of Workplace Bullying: Effects on Organisational Commitment and Job Satisfaction

  Eleanna Galanaki

This paper focuses on workplace bullying and the relation of its occurrence with the organisational culture and values. Although a significant amount and level of research has been realised on workplace bullying, it mostly focuses on the incidence and implications of the phenomenon for the individual experiencing it (victim), or the one exercising it (bully). Based on a 364-respondent’s survey, we explore the relation of the incidence of workplace bullying with the 9 dimensions of organisational culture, as developed for the Globe research project which, along with the Hofstede one, is one of the most renowned studies on organisational culture. Concurrently, the relation of the 9 organisational culture dimensions with organisational commitment and job satisfaction are explored. This work furthers the study of organisational culture on dispositional and attitudinal measures, while it is one of the first to examine the relation of the incidence of workplace bullying based on organizational culture.
   Research Article         Month : 12 (2017)

Trade Relations between European Union and China

  Zdzislaw W. Puslecki

In this research work, Author focus on the analysis of the main problems of trade relations between European Union and China. What indicates the importance and innovativeness of the research is the presentation of the technical progress especially in China, the growth of economic ties with the European Union and the benefits resulting from liberalised of the China foreign trade policy. Accordance to the foreign trade policy theory further trade liberalisation and improved framework policies would increase trade and promote growth. It must be emphasized that openess to trade is associated with higher incomes and growth and there are the need for new approaches to trade cooperation in light of the forces that are currently re-shaping international business. The key of trade developments within the broader socio-economic context is especially the rise of global supply chains, the general shift of trade power away from the West towards Asia and also from the European Union to People Republic of China. In the new circumstances for the development of the global economy and the global trade, People Republic of China seems to be a production superpower, able to change the world trade and also the European Union’s extra trade. In many areas it possesses comparative advantages. China may continue their development to specialise in electronics and increasingly in services. With or without further trade agreements between two partners, services will be more traded and trade policies will have to adjust to changes in the organisation of global value change. The question raised is whether the West and also European Union will see China’s rise as an opportunity for cooperation or for conflict. Economic growth is generally more preferable in China to military and extensive expansion. With new investments, a country can transform its position through industrial expansion at home and sustain it through international trade. China is especially sensitive to the advantages of intensive growth and will not wish to disrupt essential economic arrangements that have been crucial to her success. The main aim of the article is the presentation main problems of trade relations between European Union and China. In the article presents inequality development of China, the liberalisation effect of trade policy, China production superpower, European Union and China in the light of global competitiveness strategy of Europe 2020
   Research Article         Month : 12 (2017)

Study on Evaluation of the Core Competitiveness of Enterprises Application Efficiency Based on Customer Value Creation

  Siyong Zhuang

Based on analysis of index system and evaluation model of core competence and the creation of customer value evaluation index system, this paper put forward relative appraising of two times about evaluation model based on the evaluation of the efficiency, application of core competence by means of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). It gives an actual example to review the efficiency of the core competitiveness of these enterprises by use of investigation data of 11 enterprises, prove relative appraising of the application efficiency of enterprise core competitiveness, further evaluation the application efficiency of enterprise core competitiveness of customers can provide information and application value in the analysis of creation of customer value
Volume 3  Issue 1
   Research Article         Month : 03 (2019)

Team Learning Goal Orientation and Innovation: Roles of Transactive Memory System and Task Interdependence

  Xiaomeng Zhang

Drawing from research on team climate and team learning process, this study examines whether, how and when team learning goal orientation influences team innovation. A three-wave research of 102 research and development (R & D) teams in China was conducted. The results reveal that team learning goal orientation interacts with task interdependence, and works through transactive memory system to facilitate team innovation. Specifically, team learning goal orientation has a positive effect on team innovation that is mediated by transactive memory system. Moreover, the direct effect of team learning goal orientation on transactive memory system is strengthened by task interdependence. The implications of these results for research and practice are discussed.
   Short Communication         Month : 03 (2019)

Limitations in Customer Satisfaction Research from the Viewpoint of Benefit Delay

  Kazuhiro FUJIMURA

Traditional customer satisfaction research basically assumes that customer satisfaction is determined by comparing customer expectations and the perceived performance of the service or goods received. It is also often said that services are produced and consumed at the same time. However, at the point of service consumption, customers are not always able to enjoy the expected benefits of the service instantaneously, referred to as “Benefit Delay”. In the context of service consumption where Benefit Delay occurs, often, even when the service is unable to solve the important problems that motivated its consumption, customers tend to evaluate it as “satisfactory.” Thus, customer satisfaction is not only determined by the customer’s expectations of the service and what it offers but also by other factors. Moreover, although customers may indicate that they are “satisfied,” the reasons for their satisfaction may be completely different
   Therapeutic hotline letters         Month : 03 (2019)

The Determinants of Disclosure Level

  Eleni Vrentzou

The significant role of financial information disclosure, further to the presentation of the accounting data in the financial statements, is one of the main determinants of the International Financial Reporting Standards. The disclosure information required by each single Accounting Standard according to the field analyzed, in combination to the specific Standards for information disclosure (IAS14 substituted by IFRS8) constitute basic principles for the true and fair view of complete financial information. The information required by IAS14 is concentrated to present segmental disclosure by defining reporting segments as the organizational units. The definition of organizational units is based on product lines or on geography, for which information is reported to key management personnel for the purpose of performance assessment and future resource allocation. The need for more specific segment disclosure and the extensive use of this type of information provided by many supervisory authorities and other users, had as a result the update of IAS14 and its substitution by IFRS8. The new management approach for segment reporting, which characterizes IFRS8 as well the relevant SFAS 131 which was also recently released, is therefore examined and analyzed from the perspective of the quality of the information provided, as well, as for the usefulness of this information to supervisory authorities
Volume 4  Issue 1
   Research Article         Month : 04 (2020)

Financial Slack and Firm Performance during Economic Downturn

  Andreas Gruener

This paper examines whether financial slack has an impact on performance in the particularly hostile environment of an economic downturn. Organizational theory posits that the impact of high levels of slack on performance should be positive during such a time, as excess resources buffer the core of the firm from external shocks. Using the most recent economic downturn in Germany, the paper investigates whether firms that built up excess resources up until the onset of the crisis experience superior performance during the downturn. Financial slack is measured along the following dimensions: The proportion of current assets to current liabilities, the ratio of equity to total debt, and the ratio of general and administrative expenses to sales (SG&A). These proxies were measured over a period of four years prior to the crisis. Financial performance was then evaluated over the duration of the downturn. The results show that high pre-crisis levels of liquidity do not impact performance during a crisis. However, the findings support the view that high pre-crisis levels of debt have a negative impact on firm performance during the latest economic downturn. For slack stemming from the ratio of SG&A to sales, the association with performance was found to be positive, albeit at a declining rate. Both findings support the hypothesis that financial slack has value during an economic downturn. The originality of the approach lies in the evaluation of both linear and curvilinear performance effects
   Research Article         Month : 04 (2020)

The Impact of Training and Information and Communication Technology on Employees Performance: An Empirical Study on Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Companies in Amman

  Ali Falah Dalain

This study aims to measure the impact of Training and Information and Communication Technology on Employees Performance. Two independent variables are defined namely: Training and information and communication technology as well as one dependent variable is defined namely: Employees’ performance. The study population is consisted of (15) Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Companies working in Amman. The study used stratified random sample. To collect the primary data a questionnaire survey was distributed to (120) managers. The questionnaire consisted of (32) items of close ended response type. The study used the software package for statistical analysis SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) for testing the hypotheses through regression analysis. The results showed that training is the most significant where (Beta= 0.271, Sig= 0.008) and it positively and directly regresses on employees performance, followed by information and communication technology where (Beta= 0.254, Sig= 0.012) and it positively and directly regresses on employees performance.
Volume 5  Issue 1
   Research Article         Month : 08 (2021)

NEW CHINESE “BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE” (BRI)

  Zdzislaw W Puslecki

In this research work, Author focus on the analysis new Chinese ‘Belt and Road Initiative’ (BRI) or ‘One Belt, One Road’ (OBOR) as a project launched by China to develop countries and improve global connectivity. The initiative is focused on creating networks that will allow for a more efficient and productive free flow of trade as well as further integration of international markets both physically and digitally. BRI is comprised of the ‘21st Century Maritime Silk Road’ and the ‘Silk Road Economic Belt’ together they will connect more than 65 countries making up over 62% of the world’s population, around 35% of the world’s trade and over 31% of the world’s GDP. It will take the form of a series of highways, railways and ports as well as facilities for energy, telecommunications, healthcare and education.It must be emphasized that the initiative merges both the landbased Silk Road (from China via Central Asia to Turkey and the EU) with the Maritime Route (via the Indian Ocean and Africa to Europe). Both routes were created with the intention of developing transportation infrastructure, facilitating economic development and increasing trade. This 21st-century initiative is not merely for China to romanticize its historical legacies: it carries major strategic economic and geopolitical calculations. The main aim of the article is the presentation the new Chinese ‘Belt and Road Initiative’ (BRI) as a project launched by China to develop countries and improve global connectivity.
   Research Article         Month : 08 (2021)

The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Organisational Brand Image; The Case of Les Brasseries du Cameroun

  Napoleon Arrey Mbayong

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of corporate social responsibility on organizational brand image of Les Brasseries du Cameroun (SABC). The CSR levels used as variables here are Community, Workplace, Environment and Marketplace and it should be necessary to determine if it has either a positive or negative impact on the brand image. Design/Methodology/Approaches: The study made use of a Quantitative Research Design drawing from target population of 150 participants, out of which an actual sample size of 115 participants was successfully contacted as respondents. Through a structured questionnaire, data were collected and with the help of SPSS, analysis was made in this study. Findings: Findings of this study revealed that Brand image is considered the basic and significant important part of brand equity. The findings revealed that Corporate Social Responsibility has an influence on the brand image of the organization a level of significance of 5% was used and the overall results of the calculated F-statistics were 95% reliable. Specifically, the CSR Community and Workplace had a positive impact on brand image. Finding of this study also shows that CSR Environment and Marketplace had a negative impact on the brand image of Les Brasseries du Cameroun. Originality/Value: This research Topic, Questionnaire and methodology are new in the line of evaluating the impact of CSR on Organisational Brand Image especially in Brewery Company like Les Brasseries du Cameroun
   Research Article         Month : 08 (2021)

The Impact of User’ Learning Style on Online Customer Service Effectiveness

  Hafid Agourram

National culture determines the shared learning style of its people. In a particular culture, people may learn best when content is made of videos, graphs, pictures, charts. In another culture they learn better by talking, discussing and chatting. In another culture, by reading and writing, and in other cultures by experimenting. At the same time all online businesses assume a static customer learning style. The design of the sites usually reflects the designer learning style and cognitive styles which in turn reflect the learning style type if people in particular culture. However, the sharp increase number in online businesses shifted the attention and the focus of management to the quality and effectiveness of online customer service sites. We argue that the fit between the designs of the content with the customer’s learning style may increase online service effectiveness. We proposed a three step approach to implement the model. The service site is designed in such a way that it offers contents that fits each of VARK learning styles. As soon as the customer uploads the site, he or she responds to VARK learning style questionnaires. The questionnaire may complete within five minutes. The system analyses the questionnaire and automatically uploads the content that would fit the user preferred learning style
   Research Article         Month : 08 (2021)

The Political Economy of Trade and Countries Motivations for Cooperating on Foreign Trade Policies

  Zdzisaw W. Pulecki

The main aim of the article is the analysis of the political economy of trade and countries motivations for cooperating on trade policies. The subject of the discussion and theoretical contribution in the undertaken research program is presents the new tendencies in the foreign trade policy and the increasing importance of bilateral agreements. It is important to underline that a few multinational firms are responsible for a major share of world trade. On the one hand, these firms should support regulatory harmonization across different Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs) in order to lower trade costs. On the other hand, they might also resist harmonization – and encourage certain non-tariff measures – in order to prevent new competitors from entering markets. This may partly explain the persistence of regulatory divergence, and suggests that the political economy of regulatory convergence may be more complex than is sometimes suggested. The main method applied in this research was a method of scientific study. It was used the institutional method, comparative method, the documentation method and statistical methods. It were applied also the descriptive method
  

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