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Current Issues.
Volume 1 Issue 1
Research Article Month : 10 (2017)
Contributions of Scientific Production to Improve Nursing Practice in
Compliance with Cardiopulmonary stop Intra-hospital
Deyse Santoro
Cardiopulmonary arrest is a fault that requires immediate
intervention. This integrative review aims to identify what scientific
production has offered to nurses as a subsidy to make your activeness
on the service to in-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest and devise
an algorithm to guide nurses in guiding the team before a stop
cardiopulmonary assisted in intensive care and in their decision
making about defibrillation. For the selection of items we used the
Medline, Lilacs, SciELO and BDENF and the sample of this review
consisted of 10 articles. The results showed that there is a difference
when comparing the national articles, which address more conceptual
issues, international, which have a greater emphasis on the role of the
nurse facing the cardiopulmonary resuscitation. It was proposed also an
algorithm considering 6 steps of Basic Life Support, in order to guide
the nurse in front of a cardiopulmonary arrest and in front of decisionmaking
defibrillation in intensive care environment. Is finally stresses
the importance of updating by the nurses as the new guidelines from
the American Heart Association 2015 for service in cardiopulmonary
arrest
Short Communication Month : 10 (2017)
Future Challenges in Acute Right Heart Failure
Markus W. Ferrari
Physiologically, with every stroke right and left ventricle ejects the
same blood volume. However, due to low resistance of the pulmonary
circulation the stroke work is about 75% lower than on the left side
resulting in a thinner right ventricular wall. Therefore, the right ventricle
shows more compliance and less resistance to an abrupt increase in
after load. Acute Right Heart Failure (ARHF) is a clinically complex
situation occurring in 10 to 20% of all acute heart failure patients mostly
due to right coronary occlusion or secondary pulmonary hypertension
[1,2]. It is characterized by an inability of the right ventricle to generate
enough cardiac output, thereby resulting in a volume deficit of the left
ventricle. In addition, ARHF
Short Communication Month : 10 (2017)
Mouse as an Animal Model of Long QT Syndrome:
A Reliable and Plausible Model?
Henry Sutanto
Mouse is widely used as an animal model in experimental research.
Pharmacological trials and induction of human diseases are usually
carried out in this animal. This animal model is also commonly used
in cardiovascular research. Cost of using this model is relatively
low [1] and it is easy to be modified genetically. Mouse can be used
in in-vivo, ex-vivo and in-vitro studies. Those studies have their own
characteristics and benefits, for example genetic modification such as
Recombinase-mediated Cassette Exchange (RMCE) can be done in
purpose of acquiring desired mutation. This method can be done invivo
by removing one of the specific genes in the DNA of the mouse and
replaces it with other exogenous genes [2]. Nowadays, induced mouse
Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) become favourable in-vitro method
to create ‘unlimited’ sample tissues, including cardiomyocytes [3,4]
Functional heart diseases such as Long QT Syndrome can be induced
in animal models by modification in SCN5A gene using one of those
techniques [3,5,6]. Although mouse is advantageous for investigating
structural heart diseases, [7] its role for investigating functional heart
diseases is questioned because it has much faster heartbeat and different
heart conduction mechanisms [8].
Volume 2 Issue 1
Research Article Month : 05 (2018)
Transthoracic Echocardiography versus Cardiac Magnetic Resonance
in Assessment of the Right Ventricle Systolic Function in Patients
with Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot. Is there any Correlation Between
Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion From M-Mode, Tricuspid
Annular Systolic Motion From Tissue Doppler Imaging in Transthoracic
Echocardiography and the Right Ventricle Ejection Fraction In Cardiac
Magnetic Resonance? Results from A UK Centre
Sajnach-Menke M
Aims: The aim of this study was to determine whether tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion from M-mode and tricuspid annular systolic
motion from tissue Doppler imaging in transthoracic echocardiogram correlate with the right ventricle ejection fraction in cardiac magnetic
resonance and whether they are useful markers in diagnosing the right ventricle dysfunction.
Methods and results: 49 patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot, aged 7 to 53 years, with a mean of 21 years were selected retrospectively.
They underwent transthoracic echocardiogram and cardiac magnetic resonance at the Freeman Hospital from January 2008 to June 2016 within
4 months of each other. There were two groups of patients. 24 had normal right ventricle systolic function with ejection fraction ? 45% in cardiac
magnetic resonance. 25 had impaired right ventricle systolic function with ejection fraction < 45%.
There was a positive relationship between tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and tricuspid annular systolic motion (R=0.65, P-value=0.05).
Median tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion was 1.31 (mean 1.39) in the group of patients with normal right ventricle systolic function and
1.57 (mean 1.57) in the group with impaired right ventricle systolic function in cardiac magnetic resonance. By comparison median tricuspid
annular systolic motion was 7.64 (mean 8.24) in the group of patients with normal right ventricle systolic function and 8.84 (mean 9.53) in the
group with impaired right ventricle function. The left ventricle ejection fraction was preserved when there was impaired right ventricle ejection
fraction in cardiac magnetic resonance (P-value=0.017).
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and tricuspid annular systolic motion are reproducible
measurements of right ventricle systolic function. We did not prove a correlation between tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, tricuspid
annular systolic motion and right ventricle ejection fraction in cardiac magnetic resonance; therefore we concluded that these measurements are
not clinically useful markers of right ventricle systolic dysfunction in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot. Further studies on larger population
involving right ventricle longitudinal strain are necessary to investigate its relationship with right ventricle ejection fraction in cardiac magnetic
resonance.
Case Report Month : 05 (2018)
HOCM/Sigmoid septum: mechanism and management of the obstruction
Marc Radermecker
In Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy Associated to Sigmoid Septum (HOCM/SS), the left ventricular outflow tract obstruction is a
complex dynamic phenomenon where the asymmetric hypertrophy of the basal septum and associated anomalies of the mitral valve leaflets and
subvalvular apparatus are less likely to explain per se the subaortic obstruction. It is our view that the closure of the aorto-mitral angle in this setting
is paramount. It entails, for obvious geometric reasons, a bulging of the basal septum underneath the aortic valve and the misalignment between
the LV and outflow/aortic root creates the path for an ejectional flow pattern, which may drag the mitral apparatus and promote obstruction by
pushing the subvalvular apparatus and leaflets in the outflow tract. Via the presentation of a complex HOCM/SS case, the pertinent recent literature
on this subject is summarized and the recommendations for interventional treatment are discussed. Even with close results, surgery appears to be
more efficient in this setting.
Short Communication Month : 05 (2018)
Regulatory Role of Non-canonical Inflammasomes in Atherosclerosis
Young-Su Yi
Inflammation is an innate immune response consisting of a series of
complex biological processes to protect our body from the invading
pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites and protozoan’s
and cellular danger signals and is characterized by redness, heat,
swelling, pain and loss of functions [1,2]. Although inflammation is a
host defense mechanism, the repeated and prolonged inflammation,
known as chronic inflammation, has been considered as one of the
major critical risks to cause a variety of human diseases, including
inflammatory autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, neuronal
diseases, degenerative diseases and even cancers [3]. Therefore,
enormous efforts have been made to demonstrate the molecular and
cellular mechanism of inflammatory responses in inflammatory cells
and to develop various strategies modulating inflammatory responses to
cure inflammation-mediated human diseases. Inflammatory response is
initiated through recognizing Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns
(PAMPs) and Danger-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) by
Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) expressed on the cell surfaces or
inside the cells [4]. Traditionally, researches
Volume 3 Issue 1
Research Article Month : 07 (2020)
Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava: A Benign Ultrasound Finding or a Marker for Other Fetal Anomalies? Analysis of 27 cases from a single fetal cardiology referral center
Dr. Sajnach-Menke M
Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava: A Benign Ultrasound Finding or a Marker for Other Fetal Anomalies? Analysis of 27 cases from a single
fetal cardiology referral center
Objective: We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of associated cardiac and extracardiac conditions with a persistent left superior vena cava
detected in fetal echocardiography.
Method: The study included 27 cases with a prenatal diagnosis of persistent left superior vena cava with the presence of bridging left
brachiocephalic vein and bilateral superior vena cava and the absence of the right superior vena cava.
Results: Seven fetuses had an isolated persistent left superior vena cava (7/27; 26%) of which four had extracardiac malformations. In twenty
cases (20/27; 74%), a persistent left superior vena cava was accompanied by cardiac anomalies, of which twelve had different extracardiac
malformations. There were 27 fetuses with 62 cardiac diagnoses; aortic valve and aortic arch anomalies accounted for 12 diagnoses (12/62; 19.4%).
Abdominal anomalies were the most common extracardiac conditions (10/22; 45.5%), followed by polyhydramnios in seven fetuses, intrauterine
growth restriction in six and a single umbilical artery in five cases.
Conclusion: Persistent left superior vena cava is not always a benign finding, but it may coexist with significant cardiac and extracardiac
anomalies.